Page 86 - Rassegna 2020-1

ECO AMBIENTE

The action of climatic and environmental factors and the mankind intervention on natural common
goods have increased ecosystems weakness, enlarging poverty threshold and promoting conflicts in the world
most destabilized areas. This is the main root of the emigration of a large crowd of desperate people who
are forced to rely on local criminal networks, often linked to terroristic groups, to leave their own Countries
and reach Earth safer areas.
Since 1972, the International Community is acting to protect and promote environmental values and
has understood the importance of creating a global networks of actors capable of presiding over global com-
mons and fighting drives of criminal groups who, aware of the huge economic opportunities, exploit the envi-
ronment and natural resources as a fly-wheel of their traffics.
The range of international cooperation tools is growing, the dialogue in the four corners of the world
between judges and law enforcement is improving, there is an exchange of data and lessons learned, in the
aim of curbing new criminal snares.
In the following essay, the topic of “common goods” (water, air, fauna, etc…) which have to be well-
preserved in present and future generations’ best interest, in name of the so-called environmental democracy
will be debated.
Some of the solutions chosen to make the development of communities sustainable are therefore illu-
strated. Solutions that also go through the ambitious standards of sustainable development set in Paris in
2015, changing production models and economic systems and rethinking everyday habits.
An in-depth analysis is reserved for the issue of climate change and the analysis of the European
Union environmental policy.

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SOMMARIO: 1. Cosa sono i Global commons. Una definizione di “bene comune”. - 2. La cen-
tralità dell’ambiente tra i diritti fondamentali dell’uomo. L’accesso all’infor-
mazione in materia ambientale. - 3. La Convezione quadro delle Nazioni
Unite sui cambiamenti climatici. - 4. La politica ambientale dell’Unione
Europea. - 5. L’Agenzia europea dell’ambiente - AEA. - 6. Conclusioni.

1. Cosa sono i Global commons. Una definizione di “bene comune”
Nella categoria dei Global commons vengono comunemente fatte rien-
trare le risorse condivise dall’umanità che sono vitali per la sua stessa
sopravvivenza.
Il rapporto conclusivo della Commissione Bruntland nel 1987 vi includeva gli
oceani e gli esseri viventi che li popolano, l’atmosfera nel suo complesso, inclu-
so quindi lo spazio, l’Antartico come sola superficie emersa.
Nella visione più recente, anche il cyberspace è considerato un bene comune
vitale per l’umanità.

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