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DOTTRINA

National, European and international security is at the heart of the development of the
European Union’s energy policies and its financial instruments. On 27 February 2023, amen-
dments were adopted to Regulation (EU) 241/2021 establishing the Recovery and Resilience
Facility (RRF) by including the REPowerEU chapters in the Recovery and Resilience Plans
(NRRPs) of the Member States. The scale of the direct and indirect effects of the geopolitical events
caused by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine have had a significant impact on the
Union’s society and economy. Overcoming and an effective and sustainable recovery, including the
events of the crises, makes it essential to achieve the objective of the Union’s energy security and inde-
pendence. Given the direct link between a sustainable recovery and the objective of ecological tran-
sition, the development of resilience and energy security, and the reduction of dependence on the
Union’s fossil fuels, in particular those from Russia, the REPowerEU financial legal instrument
is therefore the European Union’s response to the difficulties and disruptions in the global energy
market caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Among the main objectives to be pursued are:
➣ increasing the resilience, security and sustainability of the Union’s energy system;
➣ the reduction of dependence on fossil fuels;
➣ diversifying energy supplies at European level, including by increasing the deployment
of renewables, energy efficiency and energy storage capacity;
➣ reskilling and upskilling people, in order to equip the workforce with additional green skills;
➣ the research and development of innovative solutions related to the green transition, as
well as the simplification and removal of obstacles to administrative procedures related to the
deployment of renewable energy. The role of Italy and its institutions in charge, with a ministry
that for the first time in the history of the republic has the word «Security» in its definition, is that
of an administration called upon to make the most of the opportunities of the geopolitical context
to strongly achieve the objectives of independence, security and efficiency of the energy system.

SOMMARIO: 1.Il contesto geopolitico-energetico pre e post aggressione russa all’Ucraina. - 2. La
reazione europea: il Regolamento REPowerEU. - 3. Lo sviluppo delle fonti ener-
getiche rinnovabili come pilastro del REPowerEU. - 4. La dotazione finanziaria
del dispositivo di ripresa e resilienza (RRF). - 5. Idrogeno e biometano per diver-
sificare gli approvvigionamenti. - 7. Reti, transizione ed efficientamento. - 8.
Conclusioni.

1 Il contesto geopolitico-energetico pre e post aggressione russa all’Ucraina
In un contesto geopolitico già particolarmente segnato dalle conseguenze del
cambiamento climatico lo scoppio del conf itto in Ucraina è stato fatale. La guerra
ha, senza dubbio, inciso sull’equilibrio globale di pace e cooperazione che ha carat-
terizzato la storia recente, dalla f ne della guerra fredda sino allo scoppio dell’odier-
no conf itto. Ciò ha avuto importanti risvolti geopolitici sui rapporti internazionali

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