Page 190 - Rassegna 2020-3

TRIBUNA DI STORIA MILITARE

L’enorme partecipazione di militari e no (dalle seimila alle novemila unità), associata
alla conoscenza del territorio e all’esperienza delle armi, unitamente ai buoni rapporti con
il CLN e con Montezemolo hanno reso fondamentale l’apporto dell’Arma dei Carabinieri
alla “lotta di liberazione”.

After the Italian-German defeats in June 1943 during the North African campaign, the Italian
troops left Pantelleria, Lampedusa and Linosa. Between the 9 and the 10 of July, the US Seventh
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Army commanded by George Smith Patton Jr. landed in Sicily, and will be released in early August. In
the meantime, allied bombing in major Italian cities intensifies .
On the 25 of July, after the Grand Council of Fascism, Vittorio Emanuele III dismissed
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Mussolini, and assigned Marshal Badoglio the responsibility of forming the new government, appointing
the Army for the arrest. This event, will lead to the 7 of October 1943, with a legislation issued by
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Graziani, to execute the Army from all institutional involvement and the deportation of thousands of
Italian military police in Germany. This persecution allowed the entry of the Army into the Liberation
War.
During the Quebec Conference (17 -24 of August), the Allies planned the invasion of the
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Italian peninsula and established a possible Italian involvement in the fight against the Germans. The
involvement should have been minimal: only “intelligence” and obstacle operations against the Germans,
well performed during the Nazi-fascist occupation of Rome by both Clandestine Military Front of
Giuseppe Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo (Martyr of the Fosse Ardeatine) and the Military Front of
Carabinieri managed by the Army General Filippo Caruso (locked up in S.S.’s prison in Via Tasso).
In the meantime, the representatives of the reorganised political forces represent the first unitary
structure, the National Committee of Oppositions, which will then became the CLN. The significant par-
ticipation of Italian military police and their families (between 6,000 and 9,000 units), together with the
knowledge of the territory and experience with weapons, good relationship with the CLN and
Montezemolo, was crucial for the “Liberation War”.

!

Roma, durante i nove mesi dell’occupazione nazifascista, è in una condi-
zione atipica rispetto al resto dell’Europa invasa: priva di un governo politico-
istituzionale trasferitosi al Sud, era divenuta, gioco forza, la città del Papa e non
più del morente Stato fascista, e ancor meno dell’invasore tedesco.
La guerra di liberazione, in città, non si radicalizzò, ma ha seguito le diret-
tive di lotta al nazifascismo dettate dagli Alleati, i quali erano piuttosto restii a
un intervento diretto dell’appena ricostituito esercito nazionale.
Roma non fu liberata da un’azione di forza, ma contribuì, attraverso le
molte azioni partigiane e un generalizzato comportamento ostile della popola-
zione espresso in modo velato ma sentito nei confronti dei Tedeschi, alla libe-
razione della prima capitale in Europa.

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