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key role in money-laundering, and
private security fi rms, which may
become the operational branch of
corrupt offi cials. All this needs to
be studied as a part of the modus
operandi of the “spoilers”, ensu-
ring that the international commu-
nity, in supporting certain factions,
at the end will not sponsor de facto
groups that are interested in kee-
ping the chaos alive for utilitarian
purposes. In some cases even the
so-called “non-profi t” organiza-
tions have been mentioned as a
part of the problem, as they may be
involved in frauds aimed at obtai-
ning funds for projects fi nanced by
the international community. For
these reasons, Dr. Chayes conclu- sted in Afghanistan to date amount tion of “spoilers” by NATO, the
ded her speech emphasizing the to USD 132 billion, it is therefore United Nations and the African
importance of strategic analysis, easy to understand the importance Union.
which is necessary in order to iden- of this phenomenon. Since 2014, Major General Andrew Harrison,
tify the contacts among the key fi - the funds have been allocated in a British Royal Marines offi cer and
gures in the operational scenario a “conditional” manner, differently Deputy Adviser to the Afghan In-
and their infl uences and implica- from what happened before, and terior Minister, opened his speech
tions: indeed only through a detai- this has been a useful tool to fi ght by providing an overview of the si-
led picture of the situation, measu- corruption, despite the fact that tuation in Afghanistan, a country
res to mitigate the negative effect many billions have already been in the midst of a civil war which,
of “spoilers” can be put in place. lost. A report published by Asia however, is slowly on the way of
Dr. Gene Aloise, Deputy Inspector Foundation showed that 39% of reaching a peace agreement. This
General of the Special Inspector Afghans had to give money to the clearly implies that there is a need
General for Afghanistan Recon- police: Afghan anti-corruption uni- to put in place a strategy for the fu-
struction (SIGAR), an independent ts are undersized and underpaid, ture of the country, which otherwise
agency created in 2008 by the and government benchmarks are would immediately return to cha-
United States Congress to moni- not a measure of the effectiveness os. To give a dimension of the pro-
tor the reconstruction of Afgha- of the fi ght against corruption. The blems and extreme differences in
nistan, opened his speech with a SIGAR is going to publish a report theater, Maj. Gen. Harrison gave
brief overview of his organization, on corruption in Afghanistan, and it the example of a checkpoint in a
consisting of more than 200 inve- will soon be available on the agen- rural area, which operates isola-
stigators and auditors. Similarly to cy’s website. Dr. Aloise then highli- ted without the necessary logistical
Dr. Chayes, he pointed out that for ghted the possible role of gendar- support and has great diffi culties
71% of Afghans corruption is a big merie type forces in the theater, to even to communicate with its de-
problem, a risk for the success of a train Afghan police forces and to partment, in contrast to the special
future peace process, even larger support them in building their inte- forces operating in Kabul, which
than the one represented by the grity. He concluded by inviting the are fully qualifi ed and equipped
Taliban. Corruption as a risk fac- audience to read the reports publi- to carry out their duties. If one day
tor has been underestimated and it shed by the SIGAR, downloadable the Atlantic Alliance should leave
hasn’t been strongly fought, as ef- from the website www.sigar.mil. the country without fully comple-
forts have been mostly focused on ting its mission, the situation could
Al Qaeda’s defeat. The funds inve- 4.Third session: the evalua- dangerously resemble what hap-

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