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IN DEPTH
IN DEPTH

pened in Iraq and revert to cha- deployed in Somalia is part of it. and therefore the analysis cannot
os. Fortunately, 18 years of inter- The problem of the “spoilers” was avoid examining this aspect. In-
national support have created a analyzed by BG Kabage, highli- stead, with regard to the manage-
new generation of young and mo- ghting the importance of under- ment of the “spoilers”, the impor-
tivated Afghan leaders, who are standing their capabilities and their tance of the possible use of force
working with NATO to reform the possible impact on police opera- to target top elements of criminal
country. Within the Ministry of In- tions. The defi nition of “spoilers” and terrorist organizations has
terior there are numerous reforms adopted by the African Union fol- been highlighted, but also the use
in place ranging from the compe- lows the one previously provided of dialogue and deradicalization
tencies of the police and its leader- by the United Nations and inclu- programmes, and, where appro-
ship, to the development of special des terrorist groups and so-called priate, amnesties. Analyzing the
forces, gender and logistics. Pro- “warlords”. The analysis metho- “spoilers” therefore becomes not
gress is, however, very fragmented dology of “spoilers” takes into ac- only a collective responsibility of
and characterized by a rapid tur- count information obtained from all those organizations that parti-
nover of staff in top positions. As cipate in the missions
an example, the 14 Interior Mi- of peace, but also an
nisters the country had over the essential requirement
past 18 years: this clearly has an for their success: it cer-
impact on the continuity of the tainly cannot be the
work done. The NATO mission result of the effort of
in Afghanistan, called “Resolu- a single organization.
te Support”, is dealing currently Chief Superintendent
with two projects, Future Force, Jaime Cuenca, Senior
funded by the United States for Police Offi cer of the
the next 5 years, and Post Pea- United Nations and
ce Policing, which aims to desi- Team Leader within
gn a stable and lasting police the UN Standing Po-
force which could be operational police investigations, intelligence lice Capacity, highlighted the im-
after a possible peace agreement. services and open sources such as portance of confl ict prevention,
The Afghan Government, NATO social media, and also deals with a concept also underlined by the
and the international community the means used by “spoilers” to Secretary-General of the United
have to work together for this se- negatively affect peace processes, Nations. It is part of prevention
cond project, which must surely such as the internal dynamics of to create incentives to encourage
provide a broad vision to the fu- the various clans on the territory, a peaceful resolution of disputes.
ture of the country and its police. the fear of being persecuted, ide- The problem is particularly impor-
Brigadier General Robert Gichan- ological fundamentalism, corrup- tant, given that more countries had
gi Kabage, Senior Monitoring and tion, the use of asymmetrical war confl icts during 2016 than in the
Evaluation Offi cer at the African and contacts to international ter- last 30 years. This has affected not
Union Peacekeeping Operations rorist networks. BG Kabage also only developing countries, but also
Division, opened his presentation highlighted the key role played by countries with an intermediate eco-
illustrating the African Union’s corruption, which in fact encoura- nomy and developed institutions. It
experience in Somalia. Support ges all the parts involved in the pe- is estimated that by 2030 half of
has been developed on fi ve pillars: ace process to maintain the status the world’s population will live in
the Peace and Security Council, quo instead of working to create countries affl icted by violence, hi-
the Continental Early Warning Sy- a secure environment. Moreover ghlighting the key role played by
stem, the Committee of Wise Men, the “spoilers” often enjoy a close prevention. The latter, which is still
the Peace Fund and the African contact with the population becau- diffi cult to quantify and measure,
Reserve Force. The latter includes se they provide that safety function should be developed with particu-
Members of Parliament and citi- that the State has not been able to lar emphasis on the structural cau-
zens, and the police component supply in the course of the years, ses of confl icts such as governance,

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