Page 60 - Coespu 2020-2

IN DEPTH
IN DEPTH

ring theme. This was discussed in quested on the existence of some Structures (CPS) . When NATO
detail during the two-day work- form of methodology to identify was directly involved, for exam-
shop that followed the conferen- and evaluate the “spoilers”, and ple in Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan
ce, which results havebeen sum- only two respondents (25%) repor- and Iraq, the percentage drama-
marized in a Report published ted the existence of a specifi c and tically rose to 100%, leading the
on the NATO SP CoE website . well-defi ned methodology adop- Atlantic Alliance to consider “spoi-
The conference was structured in ted during the planning phase. lers” as a serious risk for the im-
three sessions and, at the end of The audience unanimously shared mediate future of peace missions.
each, there was an interactive di- the opinion to integrate the results Dr. Michael Dziedzic, a profes-
scussion between the speakers of the evaluations of the “spoilers” sor at George Mason University
and the participants. The outco- formulated by several international in the United States, and a rese-
mes of the speeches and the con- organizations by combining them, archer of the subject, then provi-
clusions are presented below. and about 90% of respondents hi- ded the participants with a set of
basic notions about “spoilers”
for the work that would follow
during the conference, fully in
line with the previous Chapter 1.

3.Second session: lessons lear-
ned from previous NATO mis-
sions.
Dr. Sarah Chayes, former special
adviser to two ISAF commanders,
focused her speech on corruption,
a behavior often used by “spoilers”
with deleterious effects on the pe-
ace process, because of its impact
on the credibility of the legitima-
2.First session: opening spee- ghlighted that the lack of a desi- te government and, consequently,
ches and scoping the problem. gned methodology to identify and mission. As a concrete example,
The agenda of the event was cha- evaluate the “spoilers” can cau- Dr. Chayes talked about the cor-
racterized by the variety of spee- se the failure of a peace mission. ruption of former President Kar-
ches both in terms of provenance The conference was introduced zai’s regime in Afghanistan, which
and content. In advance, partici- by the at the time Director of the - she claimed - brought the country
pants were asked to fi ll out a que- NATO SP CoE, Col. Andrea Pa- back into the hands of the Taliban.
stionnaire on the subject to have ris, who welcomed the guests with Corruption, in fact, despite com-
a view on their knowledge of the a brief overview on the conferen- mon thought, does not belong to
problem. The results of the que- ce and the post-event workshop, any culture and therefore it is not
stionnaire were used both to guide and LTC Alessandro Di Stefano, socially accepted by people, who
the work and as a starting point for representative of the NATO Allied consider it unacceptable and are
the workshop itself. As a prelimi- Command Transformation (ACT), often led to empathize more willin-
nary point, it should be noted that in place of Major General Sefi k gly with “rebel” movements rather
about 75% of respondents adop- Atak (NATO ACT Deputy Chief than with the legitimate govern-
ted the defi nition of “spoilers” pro- of Staff Resource and Manage- ment. Examples of cleptocracy gi-
vided by the United Nations, which ment). The latter highlighted that ven by Dr. Chayes also highlighted
appears wider than the one pro- 80% of the 25 internal confl icts in how corruption often embraces
vided by Stedman or others, re- which the United Nations has in- not only state structures (politics,
cognizing also the possibility for tervened since 1980 have been judiciary, police forces, etc.) but
non-violent behaviors. The per- severely affl icted by “spoilers” in also private organizations, such as
centage drops to 50% when re- the form of Criminalized Power banks, which obviously may play a

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