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capacity void between the popula- tervention is required, especially disseminates intelligence and fe-
ce’s security needs and the inabi- in a non-permissive environment, eds the force’s intelligence cycle,
lity or unwillingness of the indige- NATO SP could be the most suitable hence improving the understan-
nous police forces (IPF - if present), or actually the only viable solution ding of the operating environment.
other relevant actors (UN, EU, AU until other actors from the Interna- A number of factors can weaken
et similia) and NATO conventional, tional Community can intervene, the performance of the IPF in fra-
combat and warfi ghting means to support and/or take over as a fol- gile states, including past, pre-
properly address these challenges]. low-on force, depending on a UN- sent and developing confl icts, and
Both authors take pride in having SCR or Host Nation (HN) request. manmade or natural disasters. A
served also as MP Offi cers and it SP can create new avenues of ap- weak or missing Rule of Law (ROL)
is an uncontroverted fact that Mi- proach to address traditional and 19 system in which individuals, pu-
litary Police had already been in emerging military problems with blic and private entities, and the
existence within NATO and the different, policing means. Lethal/ state are not accountable to the
United Nations. Anyhow, both In- kinetic tools and procedures are law, combined with a frail Justice
ternational Organizations (IO), supported, where appropriate, by Sector (Police, Judiciary and Cor-
the latter through the renowned policing, non-kinetic and non-/less rections) are likely to undermine
“Brahimi report” in 2000, did than lethal ones. They are aimed each other and result in a reduced
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not pursue an increase, expan- at war, organized and transnatio- effi ciency and effi cacy of local po-
sion and/or improvement of their nal criminals, terrorists and insur- lice forces. Such a situation is likely
MP capabilities to bridge the po- gents, and violators of host-nation to hamper governance and gene-
licing gap. In fact, they sought a and international laws. This “Legal rate power and enforcement va-
more poignant, inclusive instru- targeting” creates effects on ad- cuums, which might be exploited
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OPPORTUNITY? ment, a tool inspired by a new versaries by enforcing internatio- by irregular actors such as (war/or-
vision, namely Stability Policing.
ganized/trans-national) criminals,
nal and applicable HN law throu-
After 18 years, in 2016, NATO pro- gh investigation or arrest, limiting/ terrorists and insurgents as well as
mulgated the “Allied Joint Doctrine restricting their mobility and liberty spoilers and produce considerable
for Stability Policing” (AJP-3.22), at of action, seizing their assets and levels of insecurity and instability.
present the operational level and fi nancial means and dismantling As a military capability that embo-
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sole Allied publication on the mat- their networks and structures. Dedi- dies and particularly emphasises
ter . It states that SP can bridge the cated SP Lines of Operation (LoO) a civilian- and populace-oriented
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policing gap through one or a com- 18 or SP elements within established approach, SP is a key contributor
bination of its two missions. The LoOs, can concur to deter, identi- and natural actor striving for a
reinforcement of the IPF entails fy, locate, target and engage ad- comprehensive approach. In fact, it
intervening on their capabilities 12 versaries or spoilers, disrupt their fosters and seeks the best possible
and capacity to raise overall per- networks and help attain objectives level of interaction with other (civi-
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formance to acceptable levels and at tactical, operational and strate- lian and/or military) IOs, the Host
encompasses monitoring, mento- gic levels in a military campaign. Nation and especially the IPF (re-
ring, advising, reforming, training The added benefi t of this approa- gardless of their military or civilian
and partnering with (MMARTP) . ch lies, among others, in furthering status) and the populace as well
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The temporary replacement of the the reduction in the use of force and as other actors including NGOs.
IPF is the second SP mission and decreasing collateral damage be- SP: when, where, how and who?
may be required if they are mis- sides responding to the security ne- Does SP contribute to projecting
sing or unwilling to carry out their eds of the population. Therefore, it stability?
duties. Normally a UN mandate 15 contributes to improved acceptan- It has been argued that SP cannot
initiates a NAC decision to deploy ce and legitimacy within audiences contribute to all the three NATO
personnel under an executive poli- from the local to the international core tasks of collective defence, cri-
cing mandate . This might be ne- level and enhancing mission su- sis management and cooperative
cessary when other actors are not stainability. SP furthermore iden- security because it is framed solely
able, willing or ready to intervene. tifi es, collects and analyses police within stability operations to bridge
In fact, when a rapid policing in- and crime-related information, the policing gap, while the availa-

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