Page 190 - Rassegna 2021-3

OSSERVATORIO INTERNAZIONALE

of the Organization) in order to “promote the political, economic, social and
educational progress of the inhabitants of the territories [...] and their progres-
sive introduction to autonomy or [ in this case, also] independence” (Article 76,
letter b).
Net of subsequent developments (the General Assembly, under the pres-
sure of the newly independent States that joined the UN in the 1950s and
1960s, will come to recognize and guarantee independence - and therefore sta-
tehood - as a possible outcome of ‘self-determination also for non-autono-
mous territories and not only for those in trust) and the current situation (there
are no longer any territories in trust while seventeen non-autonomous territo-
ries have not yet completed the self-determination process, in some cases due
to the “passive resistance” of some administrative powers such as the United
States and the United Kingdom), the legal regimes applicable to the two cate-
gories of territories were therefore different in terms of objectives and purpo-
ses and required equally different and calibrated strategies from the States called
upon to administer them.
The Italian Fiduciary Administration in Somalia, the subject of analysis in
the following paragraphs, therefore entered this political and legal context.
Finally, it should be highlighted how the complex and extremely difficult task
to which Italy was called in Somalia was carried out using approaches, means,
strategies, policies and measures that will later become, a few decades later, an
integral part of the policies and strategies of the modern multidimensional
model that characterizes all Peace Operations not only of the UN but also of
other International Organizations involved in this field such as, for example,
the European Union, the African Union and ECOWAS.
The preventive approach to conflicts, the inclusive dialogue with all the
parties involved, the non-discriminatory implementation of development
policies and strategies, the commitment to build, train and consolidate those
Institutions and authorities destined to constitute the “skeleton” of the futu-
re State, are today a distinctive, necessary and, in some ways, obvious element
of contemporary Peace Operations. In the fifties in Somalia these elements
were anything but taken for granted and, perhaps, it was even difficult to ima-
gine, plan and implement them. To the AFIS in all its components (starting
with the Arma dei Carabinieri) the merit must therefore be recognized not
only for the work carried out there illo tempore but also for having anticipa-
ted and tested solutions, means and strategies that are today an integral and
essential part of the technical, legal and political heritage of contemporary
Peace Operations.

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