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sophisticated mass communications systems, such as social media, which allow messages to be
spread to large sections of the population. The choice of dissemination system is also closely linked
to the recipient of the message that you want to send.
The media can be visual, audio, audiovisual or other more modern. Among the visual media there
are flyers, posters, drawings, murals, objects. Audio products include radios and loudspeakers.
Among the audiovisual products there are television, cinema, video supports. Among the most
technologically advanced products we find internet, mobile phones, digital billboards.
The methods for using loudspeakers, radio,
television and the Internet, as well as traditional
leaflets and posters that are particularly
effective in areas with a high illiteracy rate and
low technological development, were also
examined in depth.
Operational communications represent a
fundamental element in the conduct of peace
operations, which, wanting to pursue the
principle of low intensity as much as possible,
must follow appropriate methods. With
different methods and means, psychological
operations have been conducted by all the
forces deployed at all times. It was after the Second World War, however, that the concept of
psychological operations and operational communications expanded, becoming more in tune with
changing needs, especially those related to peacekeeping operations.
In 1992, during the Balkans conflict, as part of the UN operation "Provide Promise" in Bosnia, an
Italian military aircraft carrying humanitarian aid was shot down on landing in Sarajevo. This
incident led the coalition forces to launch aid from the sky using parachutes. To help avoid
accidents such as the shooting down or the damage to civilians, two leaflets were produced: the first
urged not to shoot on planes explaining that they carried aid for the entire population; the second
indicated the danger of
rushing to the landing
area of heavy loads of
aid for the risk of being
crushed by the weight of
the containers.
Today, all the armed
forces of countries with
advanced doctrines have
specialists in
psychological
operations: these are
highly specialized
personnel who represent
a capability that assists
the force commanders in pursuing the aims of the mission.

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