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ce to fully equip their personnel, and all member states especially T/ without the necessary and appro-
which may lead to potential risk in PCCs should be further strengthe- priate equipment in the threat en-
the field It is desirable to support ned to ensure that all peacekee- vironment. Inadequate or missing
8.
equipment facilitates and increases
T/PCCs by equipping their pea- pers receive comprehensive PDT the number of casualties”, Car-
cekeepers after completion of PDT. in order to achieve shared POC los Alberto dos Santos Cruz, op.cit.
• Support to T/PCCs’ Training goals of international community. 9. There are countries actively providing
centers/ trainers support in this area. For example, the
While T/PCCs’ training centers / 1. United Nations Peacekeeping, UN US Government’s Global Peace Ope-
rations Initiative (GPOI) has supported
Peacekeeping Action for Peacekee-
trainers play a crucial role for ensu- ping Infographic, https://peacekee- many TCCs by building capacity of
ring good quality of PDT, some trai- ping.un.org/en/infographics (2018). military personnel and contributed to
ning centers lack basic equipment 2. United Nations Comprehensive Pro- the UN POC goal. https://www.state.
such as office supply, radio, vehi- tection of Civilians Training Materials gov/t/pm/gpi/gpoi/index.htm.Italian
Government’s Center for Excellence
cles and computers and also lack (CPOC) published by UN Department for Stability Police Units enjoys high
of Peace Operations in 2017 introdu-
institutional capacity to design and ces three tiers of operational concept, reputation with its extensive capaci-
implement trainings. Trainers often namely protection through dialogue ty building training courses mainly
do not have enough opportunity to and engagement, provision of phy- for police personnel. https://www.
receive TOT. Consideration for sup- sical protection, and establishment of coespu.org/aboutus.Japan is also
enhancing its support by deployment
port to these areas would contribu- a protective environment. CPOC fur- of its Self Defense Force personnel to
ther states that all components of the
te to the improved quality of PDT . mission, including the military, have a African and Asian countries to provi-
9
• Establishment of regional mo- role to play in each of the three tiers. de technical advice and training to the
bile training team 3. United Nations Core Pre-Deploy- Peacekeeping Training Centers.http://
www.mod.go.jp/e/publ/w_paper/
Establishment and deployment ment Training Materials (CPTM) is pdf/2018/DOJ2018_3-2-3_web.pdf.
a training module representing the
of regional mobile training team essential knowledge required by all
may be considered as a solution peacekeeping personnel (military,
to support under-resourced trai- police and civilians). ttps://research.
ning centers. The team should 4. un.org/revisedcptm2017/Module2.
It is strictly prohibited to have sex
be composed of experts/trainers with anyone, in exchange for money,
with field experience and know- employment, preferential treatment,
ledge on main PKO subjects. Fair goods or services, whether or not
balance of profile (military, police prostitution is legal in the country of pe-
and civilian) and gender should acekeepers, or the host country. United
Nations Conduct in UN Field Missions,
be also taken into consideration. https://conduct.unmissions.org/
Conclusion 5. UN is actively supporting DDR process
Effective and efficient PDT is cru- in many countries. As the process en-
cial for modern peacekeepers with tails mediation and securing positive
perception from local community on
protection mandate given its com- integration of former combatants, it is
plex mission environment and di- a long-term activity. https://peaceke-
verse protection actors in the field. eping.un.org/en/disarmament-de-
While a number of training mate- mobilization-and-reintegration.
rials with rich contents have been 6. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz,
“Peacekeeping
Fatalities
from
developed by the UN, it has still 2013-2017”, Improving Securi-
not been fully used by all T/PCCs ty of United Nations Peacekeepers,
partly due to lack of proper facility, December 2017. https://peaceke- Tomoko Matsuzawa
equipment and human resource. eping.un.org/sites/default/files/
improving_security_of_united_na-
Technical and financial support to tions_peacekeepers_report.pdf. Subject Matter Expert, Human Ri-
these countries from the UN and 7. See example of GHANBATT fe- ghts and Humanitarian Affairs Co-
developed member states have male engagement team in UN ESPU Lecturer, Graduate School of
significantly improved many pea- Operations in DRC, https://pea- Global Governance, Meiji Univer-
cekeepers’ capacity and readiness cekeeping.un.org/en/ghanbatt-fe- sity .
male-engagement-team-boosts-i-
to field activities. Yet, commitment mage-of-ghana-un-operations-drc.
and partnerships between the UN 8. “Troops should not be deployed

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