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der-inclusive electoral processes
to disarmament and arms control.
Erroneously, the WPS agenda is
believed to address only coun-
tries affected by conflict, while it
intends to build a more inclusi-
ve concept of peace and security
for every UN Member State. For
this reason, the Security Coun-
cil has called upon every state
to develop a national strategy
for implementation on the basis
of the principles embedded in
its WPS resolutions. Many coun-
tries have done so successfully,
including Italy, that should adopt
its fourth national action plan in
2019. Others, maybe more in forms of violence deriving from the issue is fundamental, it should
need of an effective regulation, weapons proliferation, such as always be concerted with national
have failed in complying with gender-based violence. Women efforts towards implementation.
the Security Council’s directives. are also affected when men are In fact, it is well recognized that the
Gender-mainstreaming in disar- injured or killed as a consequence primary responsibility and imple-
mament and arms control efforts of arms proliferation, as they are mentation capacity for translating
is perhaps one of the most overlo- the ones who must take on ad- the WPS agenda into action are
oked issues related to the Women, ditional roles to provide income states. Although states have been
Peace and Security mandate. It is to sustain their families. This all called upon to develop national
undeniable that arms prolifera- happens within and outside con- action plans to include a gender
tion affects men and women in flict, being even a consequence perspective on every issue related
different ways: while men ac- of the lack of effective regulation to the WPS agenda, in many cases,
count to the majority of victims and control at state-level. Althou- these plans have lacked referen-
from direct arms violence, wo- gh the importance of international ce to disarmament or, even whe-
men suffer from more indirect and regional entities in addressing re strongly necessary, plans have

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