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mutually-agreed commitments that neously to indicate citizenship and and in the Middle East as well as
were endorsed by more than 150 national (ethno-cultural) origin in the Balkans. After the confl icts
Member States across 8 areas. respectively. To this end, the term end, allied nations must under-
The above allows us to observe and “nation” is sometimes used with a take military, political, humani-
metabolize the evolution of doctri- double meaning and at other times tarian, and economic activities to
nal concepts related to Peacekee- two different words are used to enable states to prosper, but these
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ping. It leads us to establish and express each of those meanings . activities do not always succeed .
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qualify its importance and scope as It is not impossible to rebuild a It is helpful to consider how insti-
it constitutes the fertile ground on State as a complex organiza- tution-building is defi ned, in the
which we can emphasize the effor- tion made up of institutions, of- context of the United Nations. Most
ts in the direction of peace between fi ces and structures/procedures. academic literature concludes that
the parties in confl ict rediscovering Much more diffi cult, I believe, the usage of the term is too wide
social condition of unity, sentiment is to form consciences, home- and diverse to be properly defi ned.
sharing and common feeling of land love, national solidarity and The concept is applied somewhat
belonging to the same homeland the ethical and moral unity that differently in the areas of develop-
of the country. ment, peacebu-
Only in this way PEACEKEEPING IS IN THE POST-CONFLICT PHA- ilding, rule of
the country who SE WHERE THE SITUATION ON THE GROUND, law, public ad-
is coming from ministration and
a crisis will re- IN THE STATE IN CRISIS, HAS DETERIORATED g o verna nce.
gain credibility BECAUSE OF THE CONFLICT, VIOLENCE AND The Secre-
with its citizens tary-General’s
also obtaining CITIZENS’ RIGHTS ARE PRECARIOUS AND VUL- Report on Pe-
the respect NERABILITIES ARE NUMEROUS BOTH FROM A acebuilding in
for the rules, the Aftermath of
laws, customs HUMAN AND LEGAL POINT OF VIEW. Confl ict stated:
and habits co- “We must build
difi ed in a Constitutional Chart. allows people to unite around on existing institutions to ensure that
The term “nation” is deeply ro- common principles and values. they are democratic, accountable
oted in peoples’ culture and hi- To be precise, therefore, I can af- and professional; allow those insti-
story and incorporates funda- fi rm in my view that Nation-buil- tutions to develop at their own pace
mental elements of their identity. ding is not exactly equivalent to and with a certain level of expe-
In some Council of Europe mee- Institutions-building, rather the rimentation; and sustain institu-
tings for instance, member states, two concepts appear complemen- tion-building efforts over decades.’
passed the concept of nation lin- tary. In fact, nation-building refers Institutions defi ned broadly as the
ked to the citizenship, which is a more to the philosophical part and rules of the game and the organiza-
legal link (relation) between a state sociological dimension of the so- tions that frame and enforce them
and an individual, irrespective of cial fabric among the compatriots provide the incentives and con-
the latter’s ethno-cultural origin, who are part of it, to the sense of straints that shape political, econo-
while in some other member sta- belonging and solidarity that is mic and social interaction. [… ]” 6
tes the same term is used in order created in inter-generational re- The Civilian Capacities Review
to indicate an organic community lations, to mutual recognition as (2012) notes that “supporting insti-
speaking a certain language and part of the whole without basic tution-building involves an inclusive
characterized by a set of similar differences, to the awareness that process to determine priorities for
cultural and historic traditions, by one is part of a complex country the functions that build confi dence
similar perceptions of its past, simi- system that works if all the small between States and citizens and
lar aspirations for its present and cogs move in the same direction. help to ensure sustainable peace .
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similar visions of its future. In Eu- What is above stated is not so easy At the moment I fi nd in the CSDP
rope, among member states both to set up. I affi rm it having had di- missions of the European Union as
understandings are used simulta- rect experience of it fi rstly in Africa a considerable contribution both

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