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and in the function of immune cel- ldwide, affecting 20%–50% of the in the host and may increase in
ls. Zinc deficiency reduces nonspe- world’s population, mainly infants, pathogenicity with supplementa-
cific immunity, including neutrophil children, and women of childbea- tion; thus, there is a concern about
and natural killer cell function and ring age. It is associated with im- iron supplementation in mala-
complement activity; reduces num- pairments in cell-mediated immu- ria chemoprophylaxis programs.
bers of T and B lymphocytes; and nity and reductions in neutrophil In general, iron (preferably with
suppresses delayed hypersensitivi- action, with decreased bacterial folate) should be administered
ty, cytotoxic activity, and antibody and myeloperoxidase activity. It to all pregnant women under-
production. Inadequate zinc sup- lowers the body’s defenses against going malaria chemoprophyla-
ply prevents normal release of vi- disease and diminishes body and xis, much like the need for pyri-
tamin A from the liver; clinically, brain functions. Despite this, iron doxine (B6) supplementation
it is associated with growth retar- deficiency has unclear effects on during isoniazid treatment.
dation, malabsorption syndromes, infectious disease risk. In the tre-
fetal loss, neonatal death, and atment of malaria, correcting iron
congenital abnormalities. Low blo- References
od zinc concentrations have also The Interaction between Nutrition
been found in patients with tuber- and Infection - Peter Katona -Judit
culosis, Crohn disease, diarrhe- Katona-Apte - Clinical Infectious
al disease, and pneumonia. Zinc Diseases 2008; 46:1582–8
deficiency is associated with ab- Malnutrition and Infection: Com-
normal pregnancy outcomes and plex Mechanisms and Global Im-
conditions of relative immunocom- pacts - Ulrich E. Schaible, Stefan
promise, including alcoholism, ki- H. E. Kaufmann - PLoS Medicine
dney disease, burns, inflammatory May 2007 Volume 4 Issue 5 e115
bowel disease, and HIV infection. Noma: Life Cycle of a Devasta-
Many drugs, including corticoste- ting Sore –– Case Report and Li-
roids, also cause excessive excre- terature Review - Ajit Auluck, BDS,
tion. Zinc supplementation redu- Keerthilatha M. Pai, MDS - J Can
ces the duration and intensity of Dent Assoc 2005; 71(10):757
diarrheal illness and pneumonia
among children living in develo-
ping nations. It limits growth stun-
ting in children affected by acute
diarrheal illness and reduces cli-
nical disease caused by P. falci-
parum. In patients with sickle cell
disease, it increases IL-2 (inter-
luchin 2) production and decrea- deficiency is important, becau-
ses the number of infections and se malaria causes hemolysis and
hospitalizations. A weekly dose of anemia. Supplementation in some
70 mg not only reduced the inci- cases, however, may actually ag-
dence of and prevented death of gravate infection, because the ma-
pneumonia but also had an effect laria parasite requires iron for its
on the incidence of diarrhea, with multiplication in blood and thus
overall mortality reduced by 85%. may be less infective in the iron
Resistance to infection and impro- deficient person. The mechani-
ved appetite were found with conti- sm for this may also be related to Davide Perego
nuous potassium and magnesium the inhibition of zinc absorption. Neuroscientist, Psyco-Neuro Phy-
as well as zinc supplementation. Many microorganisms require siologist, expert in Psychopatholo-
Iron deficiency is the most com- trace elements, such as iron and gy and neuropsychology.
mon trace element deficiency wor- zinc, for survival and replication

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